PHE323(EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY)

INTRODUCTION TO EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

Does one need to have a “genetic gift” of speed to be a world-class runner, or is it all due to training? What happens to your heart rate when you take an exercise test that increases in intensity each minute? What changes occur in your muscles as a result of an endurance-training program that allows you to run at faster speeds over longer distances? What fuel—carbohydrate or fat—is most important when running a marathon? Exercise physiology provides answers to these and other similar questions.(Don't write this)

EXERCISE

Exercise simply means exposing the body to activities or putting the body through stress. In broader terms, exercise simply is a subcategory of physical activity that is planned structured repetitive purposeful and designed to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness and also to maintain or improve overall health and sport performance.

TYPES OF EXERCISE

There are three categories or types of exercise. They are aerobic exercise,anaerobic exercise and flexibility exercise.

Aerobic exercise

• Are rhythmic in nature,

• They involve large muscle group,

• They can be maintained continuously,

• They last for a long time with low to medium intensity,

• They are called aerobic exercise because the body makes use of oxygen to produce energy that is needed for muscle contraction.

• Aerobic exercise helps in the development of cardiorespiratory endurance.

• Examples are jogging, marathon, swimming etc.

Anaerobic exercise

Anaerobic exercises are very intensive in nature

They are vigorous and explosive

They cannot be done for long

The help in improving muscle mass and muscle strength

They are called anaerobic because the body does not make use of oxygen to generate energy for muscle contraction rather the body make use of creatine to or glycogen to generate energy needed for muscle contraction. Examples are 100m 200m and 400m long jump shot put and weightlifting.

Flexibility exercise

Flexibility exercises and activities that help in improving the range of motion at a joint examples of yoga martial arts gymnastics etc.

PHYSIOLOGY

Physiology is the scientific study of the functions of the structures of the body.

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

Exercise physiology is a branch of science that is concerned with the relationship between the body structures and exercise.

Exercise physiology is a branch of science that deals with the study of functional changes brought on the body as a result of exercise and how exercise can be used to improve health.

Exercise physiology can also be defined as the scientific study of description and explanation of functional changes brought on the body as a result of acute and chronic exercise often with the objective of improving the exercise response.

Exercise physiology extends this to evaluate the effect of a single bout of exercise (acute exercise) and repeated bouts of exercise (i.e., chronic training) on the structures of the body.

In addition, the responses to acute exercise and re-training may be studied at high altitude or in extremes of heat and humidity to determine the impact of these environmental factors on our ability to respond and adapt to exercise. studies are conducted on young and old individuals, both healthy and those with disease, to understand the role of exercise in the prevention of or rehabilitation from various chronic diseases.

Consistent with this perspective, we go beyond simple statements of fact to show how information about the physiology of exercise is applied to the prevention of and rehabilitation from coronary heart disease, the performances of elite athletes, and the ability of a person to work in adverse environments such as high altitudes. The acceptance of terms such as sports physiology, sports nutrition, and sports medicine is evidence of the growth of interest in the application of physiology of exercise to real-world problems.

Types of Exercise physiology

There are two types of Exercise physiology. They are:

Clinical Exercise physiology which is concerned with how exercise responses and adaptations are used in rehabilitation and prevention of chronic diseases.

Sports/non-clinical Exercise physiology which is concerned with how training and retraining are used in maximizing performance of athletes in sports.

Why study Exercise physiology?

1. For identification of physiological mechanisms underlying physical activities

2. For comprehensive delivery of treatment services relating to heart and other chronic diseases using exercise

3. For guidance and counselling of athletes and others in athletics sports training and human adaptability.


Detailed explanation will be done din the class

Copy the note in meaningful exercise book

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