PHE NOTES BY YINKAWIZARD

Posture refers to the alignment and positioning of the body in relation to the force of gravity. Good posture involves maintaining the body in a way that puts the least strain on supporting muscles and ligaments during movement or weight-bearing activities. Proper posture is essential for overall health, as it helps prevent musculoskeletal issues, reduces the risk of injury, and promotes efficient movement. Key Components of Good Posture: 1. Head Alignment : The head should be balanced over the spine, not tilted forward, backward, or to the side. 2. Spinal Curves : The spine has natural curves (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) that should be maintained, not exaggerated or flattened. 3. Shoulders : Shoulders should be relaxed and aligned with the ears, not rounded forward or elevated. 4. Pelvis : The pelvis should be in a neutral position, not tilted too far forward (anterior tilt) or backward (posterior tilt). 5. Feet : Feet should be flat on the ground, with weight evenly distributed....

  TRAINING  Sports training is a special process of preparation of sports persons based on scientific principles aimed at improving and maintaining higher performance capacity in different sports activities.  It is a particular type of training designed to improve fitness and abilities to perform in a given sport. Effects of training Training allows the body to gradually build up strength and endurance It improves skill levels. Training builds motivation, ambition and confidence.  Training also allows athletes to gain more knowledge of their sport. It helps in enabling athletes to learn about the importance of having a healthy mind and body. Adequate training enhance performance. OVERTRAINING   Overtraining occurs when an athlete doesn't adequately recover after repetitive intense training. This is seen when the workload is not balanced with enough recovery period. Effects of overtraining   Decline in performance Unusual feeling of heaviness Excessive sweat...

 The chain of infection is a set of 6 intertwined links that allow for communicable diseases to spread. Each step of the chain is required to effectively transmit infectious illness. Infectious agent (pathogen) Reservoir (the normal location of the pathogen) Portal of exit from the reservoir Mode of transmission Portal of entry into a host Susceptible host Infectious Agents Infectious agents (pathogens) include not only bacteria but also viruses, fungi, and parasites. The virulence of these pathogens depends on their number, their potency, their ability to enter and survive in the body, and the susceptibility of the host. For example, the smallpox virus is particularly virulent, infecting almost all people exposed. In contrast, the tuberculosis bacillus infects only a small number of people, usually people with weakened immune function, or those who are undernourished and living in crowded conditions. Reservoir A reservoir is any person, animal, arthropod, plant, soil or substance...

 DISEASE ENDEMIC EPIDEMIC PANDEMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY CONTAGIOUS VECTOR FOMITE QUARANTINE INCUBATION PERIOD HOST INFECTION PATHOGENS SIGNS SYMPTOMS 

In basketball, tactics play an important role because they often decide whether a team wins or loses the game. Tactics in basketball is understood to be all arrangements a team makes to achieve their set objectives. Strategies are the ways the team adopt to interpret the tactics. Tactics and strategies in basketball involves two things which are ; ==> Defense and ==> Offense Defensive Plays in Basketball involves everything you do when the team is not in possession of the ball.  In basketball, the goal of the defense is to gain possession of the ball by stealing the ball or getting a defensive rebound . Their task is to prevent the opponent from scoring. Basketball players do this by blocking and stealing the ball. In basketball there are different defense strategies to choose from. The best known moves in defense are usually man-on-man defense and zone defense. Man-on-Man Defense In man-on-man defense or one-man defense - as the name suggests - each attacker is assigned an i...

Ice hockey and field hockey require dedication and strong hand-eye coordination. The foundation of both sports is quite similar: work with your team to score a goal against the opponent. Yet, several aspects of the game divide the two. If you want to know more about the differences between field and ice hockey, continue reading below! Where Do They Play? The first difference between the two sports involves the different types of terrain they play on. Ice hockey plays on the ice at a skating rink, and professionals almost always play it indoors. The standard dimensions for ice hockey rinks are 200 feet by 85 feet, which is much smaller than where field hockey teams play. Field hockey occurs on either artificial turf or grass field. The field is 100 yards long and 60 yards wide, which is equivalent to the dimensions of football and soccer fields. While the dimensions of an ice hockey rink are significantly smaller than the dimensions of a field hockey field, each player exerts an immense...

 Hockey and its Origins The roots of hockey are buried deep in antiquity. Historical records show that a crude form of the game was played in Egypt 4,000 years ago and in Ethiopia around 1,000BC, whilst an ancient form of the game was also played in Iran in around 2,000BC.  Various museums offer evidence that a form of the game was played by the Romans and Greeks as well as by the Aztecs several centuries before Columbus arrived in the New World. The modern game of hockey emerged in England in the mid-18th century and is largely attributed to the growth of public schools, such as Eton. The first Hockey Association was formed in the UK in 1876 and drew up the first formal set of rules. The original association survived for just six years but, in 1886, it was revived by nine founding member clubs. Hockey and the Olympics The inaugural Olympic Hockey Competition for men was held in London in 1908 with England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales competing separately. With the addition of...